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Third Party Claims In Washington State L&I


Christopher Sharpe

What is an L&I Third Party Claim?

A third party claim is an L&I claim together with a Personal Injury claim arising out of the same facts. When you have both a personal injury claim and an L&I claim, the personal injury claim is called a third party claim.

An L&I Claim in Washington State is filed after a job injury or occupational disease to a worker.

A Third Party Claim in the Washington State L&I system is an on the job injury or disease casued by someone other than your employer or co-worker. 

For example: a delivery driver is rear ended on the highway. He has both an L&I claim because he is injured while on the job. He also has a third party claim because that same set of facts also resulted in an injury caused by someone who is not his employer or a co-employee.

There are also third party claims which are not part of an L&I claim. These are different See Third Party Claim-Tort Only

The Good and Bad of Third Party Claims and Lawsuits.

A Third Party Claim with an L&I Claim can be a good thing.

There are two claims, both L&I and third party. Some third party claims can be worth a lot of money.

Third Party Claims are not all good.

The downside of a third party claim is that L&I or the self insured employer has a lien on your third party recovery. That means because L&I or the Self Insurer has paid money on your L&I claim they will get some of that money back from you when you settle your third party claim. The exact amount they get from you is subject to the worksheet formula, and possible compromise.  Sometimes the amount they take is shockingly large. Sometimes the third party settlement will ruin the remaining L&I claim because it takes away L&I benefits and creates an offset. Understand how the offset formula applies to your L&I claim before you consider settling any third party claim.

Be sure your Third Party attorney understands L&I claims and offsets.

Some personal injury attorneys are clueless about this interrelationship between L&I claims and Third Party claims. The could cost you money. These lawyers typically are personal injury lawyers who “aren’t handling your L&I claim.” While that is an OK relationship on its face, it is very bad if that attorney does not know that when the PI claim settles first, the PI claim can ruin the L&I claim. Insist your third party personal injury attorney explains to you in writing how the offset works and how much it will be, and how it affects your ongoing L&I claim benefits. Be sure your attorneys work to reduce the offset as part of the third party settlement. If they cannot or take no interest in what you’re saying they could unintentionally ruin your L&I claim. Be careful. Read this section again if you have any questions or concerns.

Third Party Election Form from L&I.

The third party election form is a formal notice given by you to L&I on the subject of whether or not you believe you have a third party claim. Even though L&I is asking, as a practical matter you don’t have any choice whether you have a third party claim. The facts decide that.

The third party election form also serves to designate who will be in charge of  third party claim, you or L&I. Your choice then is really which attorney will handle the third party claim. The choice is your attorney or L&I’s attorney.  This is a no brainer, of course you will want your own attorney. You are going to pay one of these two lawyers a contingent fee.  Your lawyer will have only your best interests in mind. The L&I lawyer will be working for L&I. That is a conflict of interest. Pick a good lawyer for yourself. Call on us and we will be glad to assist.  For more information see Third Party Election Form

Can I Sue a Third Party if I Have an L&I Claim?

Yes you can sue a third party even if you have an L&I claim. Your claim against them is a third party lawsuit. The third party is a person who is not your co-employee or it is a business which is not your employer.

WISHA and OSHA in Washington State Third Party Claims.

WISHA and OSHA regulations are in place to protect workers. Employers are required to furnish a work environment free from injury causing hazards. Violations of the regulations are evidence of negligence and can be very helpful in third party lawsuits. Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act (WISHA) regulations can be found at WISHA. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) can be found at OSHA.

How Does a Third Party Lawsuit Work?

  • The workings are simple:
  • Worker is injured on the job by someone or something not his/her employer or co-employee.
  • File an L&I claim within the Statute of Limitations
  • File your third party claim within the Statute of Limitations
  • Win both and work out L&I’s subrogation.

Statute of Limitations (SOL) for Third Party lawsuits with an L&I Claim

  • One year to file the L&I injury claim and longer for occupational disease. See Statute of Limitations for details.
  • Three years is the deadline for you to file a third party claim.  This is an important deadline. However, there is no SOL which runs against the State of Washington so they can bring a third party claim at anytime. They may be able to help if you miss your statute of limitations.

What if I’m Not at Fault for my Injury?

  • L&I claim? Not being at fault means nothing. L&I claims are no fault claims, so your fault or lack there of means nothing to the L&I claim. The fault of the person who hurt you also means nothing to the L&I claim.
  • Third party claim? Third party claims are negligence based, so fault is very important. Not being at fault is a good thing. Having the person who hurt you being at fault is both a good thing and a requirement. To win a third party claim you must prove that the third party’s negligence (fault) contributed in some way to your injuries.

Third Party Claim Examples.

If you are on the job and any of these happen to you then you may have a third party claim.

  • Vehicle accident caused by another driver or road hazard
  • Defective equipment or product
  • Accident offsite of employers place of business
  • Construction Site Injury to include
    • Injury to an employee of a subcontractor by the general or another subcontractor, or injury to an employee of a general contractor by a subcontractor
    • Unlicensed contrator who hires a worker
    • Unsafe worksite
    • Unsafe building or stairs
    • Exposure to toxic things
  • Temporary Agency Employee

Can I Sue My Employer or Co-worker for an On The Job Injury?

No, because they are not a third party. There is one small exception to this rule. You can only sue your employer or a co-employee if the injury was intentional. The statute of limitations for an intentional injury is 2 years. With an intentional injury on the job you also have an L&I claim, with it’s own statute of limitations.  For more information see can I sue my employer?

How to File a Third Party Claim.

There are two thing which must be done to effectively file a third party claim .

  • File a lawsuit.
    • Filing a law suit tolls the statue of limitations and commences the lawsuit. You will probably want a lawyer. Get a good one and be sure her or she understands L&I claims and the third party offset.
  • Third Party election.
    • Complete and file a third party election form with the Department of Labor and Industries. See Third Party Election Form for details and a link to the form.

What is my third party claim worth?

To figure out the value of a third party claim use the interactive online worksheet formula. To figure the value you must know the following:   

• Gross Recovery
• Benefits Paid
• Attorney Fees
• Costs

Fill in the numbers and the interactive worksheet formula will work itself out. If your numbers aren’t set yet you can make estimates. You can also call or e-mail us and we’ll do the calculation for you, based on the above figures you supply to us.

Early on in your case you won’t know these numbers, so case value will be a guess.

Do I want a Lawyer for a Third Party Lawsuit? Can I DIY?

Third party corporations are usually represented by a virtual army of corporate and insurance lawyers. If you hope to do well then consult with your own third party lawyer. The consultation is free, and then you can make your best decision about DIY or hire a lawyer. The lawyer will look at your case from every angle and give you his expert opinion about your best course of action.

Still got questions? We have answers.We know L&I and Third Party Law.  Contact Us or call 206-343-1988.

What’s Next?

How to Contact Us.

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